反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags)是一种附加在陈述句后的简短疑问句,用于表示提问者对陈述部分的不确定性,并希望得到对方的确认或回应。其结构通常为“前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是简单的问句”,并且前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。反意疑问句主要有以下几种类型和用法:
前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定
陈述部分用肯定式,疑问部分一般用否定式。例如:
She is a doctor, isn't she?
They work hard, don't they?
陈述部分有否定词
陈述部分用no、nothing、nobody、never、few、seldom、hardly、rarely、little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:
They didn't answer the question, did they?
I have never been to Paris, have I?
含有“ought to”
陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如:
You ought to be here now, oughtn't you?
含有“have to”
陈述部分有“have to”+v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用“don't”+主语(didn't +主语)。例如:
They have to finish the work by Friday, don't they?
含有“used to”
陈述部分用“used to”时,疑问部分用“didn't”+主语或“usedn't”+主语。例如:
He used to live in New York, didn't he?
含有“had better”
陈述部分有“had better”+ v.,疑问句部分用“hadn't you”。例如:
You'd better go now, hadn't you?
含有“would rather”
陈述部分有“would rather”+v.,疑问部分多用“wouldn't”+主语。例如:
She would rather stay at home than go out, wouldn't she?
含有“You'd like to”
陈述部分有“You'd like to”+v.,疑问部分用“wouldn't”+主语。例如:
You'd like some coffee, wouldn't you?
含有“must”
陈述部分的“must”表示推测时,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如:
He must be at home now, isn't he?
感叹句中的反意疑问句
感叹句中的反意疑问句通常用否定形式。例如:
What a beautiful day, isn't it?
由“neither… nor”,“either… or”连接的并列主语
疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。例如:
Neither you nor I am responsible for the mistake, are we?
主语是指示代词或不定代词
陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this时,疑问部分主语用“it”。例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it?
主语从句或并列复合句
疑问部分有三种情况:
并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。
如果主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等,则疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:
I don't think he is bright, is he?
带情态动词“dare”或“need”
疑问部分常用“need”(dare)+主语。例如:
You needn't come if you're busy, need you?
省去主语的祈使句
疑问