非谓语动词包括四种形式:不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。以下是它们的形式及其用法:
不定式
基本形式:to + 动词原形
被动形式:to be + 过去分词
进行式:to be + 动词-ing(不常见)
否定形式:not + (to + 动词原形)
例子:
To learn a new language is important.
She has a lot of things to do today.
动名词
基本形式:动词原形 + -ing
被动形式:being + 过去分词
完成形式:having + 过去分词
例子:
Swimming is my favorite sport.
They talked about their future plans.
现在分词
基本形式:动词原形 + -ing
进行时:be + 动词-ing(表示正在进行的动作)
被动形式:being + 过去分词
例子:
The sun is shining brightly.
She left the room crying.
过去分词
基本形式:动词过去分词形式
被动形式:be + 过去分词
完成形式:have/has + 过去分词
例子:
The work has been finished.
They were all surprised by the news.
这些非谓语动词形式在句子中可以充当不同的成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语,但不能单独作为谓语。希望这个表格能帮助你更好地理解和运用非谓语动词。